Type Inference with Bounded Quantification

In this thesis we study some of the problems which occur when type inference is used in a type system with subtyping. An underlying poset of atomic types is used as a basis for our subtyping systems. We argue that the class of Helly posets is of significant interest, as it includes lattices and trees, and is closed under type formation not only with structural constructors such as function space and list, but also records, tagged variants, Abadi-Cardelli object constructors, top and bottom. We develop a general theory relating consistency, solvability, and solution of sets of constraints between regular types built over Helly posets with these constructors, and introduce semantic notions of simplification and entailment for sets of constraints over Helly posets of base types. We extend Helly posets with inequalities of the form a <= tau, where tau is not necessarily atomic, and show how this enables us to deal with bounded quantification. Using bounded quantification we define a subtyping system which combines structural subtype polymorphism and predicative parametric polymorphism, and use this to extend with subtyping the type system of Laufer and Odersky for ML with type annotations. We define a complete algorithm which infers minimal types for our extension, using factorisations, solutions of subtyping problems analogous to principal unifiers for unification problems. We give some examples of typings computed by a prototype implementation

MLPerf Inference Benchmark

Machine-learning (ML) hardware and software system demand is burgeoning. Driven by ML applications, the number of different ML inference systems has exploded. Over 100 organizations are building ML inference chips, and the systems that incorporate existing models span at least three orders of magnitude in power consumption and five orders of magnitude in performance; they range from embedded devices to data-center solutions. Fueling the hardware are a dozen or more software frameworks and libraries. The myriad combinations of ML hardware and ML software make assessing ML-system performance in an architecture-neutral, representative, and reproducible manner challenging. There is a clear need for industry-wide standard ML benchmarking and evaluation criteria. MLPerf Inference answers that call. In this paper, we present our benchmarking method for evaluating ML inference systems. Driven by more than 30 organizations as well as more than 200 ML engineers and practitioners, MLPerf prescribes a set of rules and best practices to ensure comparability across systems with wildly differing architectures. The first call for submissions garnered more than 600 reproducible inference-performance measurements from 14 organizations, representing over 30 systems that showcase a wide range of capabilities. The submissions attest to the benchmark's flexibility and adaptability.Comment: ISCA 202

Periodontal disease as a risk factor in pre-term low birth weight - An assessment of gynecologists&#x2032; knowledge: A pilot study

Background: Pre-term low birth weight (PLBW) is a condition having tremendous financial impact on health care systems as well as the affected families. Studies suggest that 18.2&#x0025; of all PLBW cases may be attributable to periodontal disease. Objectives: To assess gynecologists&#x2032; knowledge of periodontal disease as a risk factor in PLBW and their knowledge with regard to the oral manifestations of periodontal disease. Materials and Methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted on gynecologists in the city of Mangalore. The respondents were divided into four groups - those practicing only in medical colleges, those having only a private practice, those practicing in both medical colleges and in private practice, and post-graduate students of gynecology in the medical colleges in the city. Statistical Analysis Used: The Chi-square test for proportions was used to test the differences between the groups. Results: Out of a total of 142 gynecologists, 93 participated in the survey. Group II respondents were omitted from the statistical analysis as the response rate was only 18.8&#x0025;. Periodontal disease was considered to be a risk factor in PLBW by 52 (59.8&#x0025;) respondents while 13 (14.9&#x0025;) stated that it was not a risk factor at all. Sixty-seven (77&#x0025;) respondents stated that bleeding/enlargement of the gingivae was a sign of periodontal infection. Conclusions: Respondents&#x2032; knowledge was high regarding the oral manifestations of periodontal disease but was low regarding periodontal disease as a risk factor in PLBW

Implementing proof by pointing without a structure editor

A proof by pointing user interface component allows a user to direct the course of a proof assistant by selecting terms with a mouse. Such a gesture is interpreted as a high-level tactical which triggers a sequence of low-level basic commands for the proof engine. The algorithm inherently relies on a structure-conscious environment; as a novelty we show how proof-by-pointing may easily be integrated into an interface without a structure editor. We discuss in detail the use of nested selectable text regions for user interaction, the modifications necessary to the proofengine output, and the algorithm for interpreting selections as proof commands, with particular reference to a concrete implementation using XEmacs and LEGO

An on-line TDC-312 computer-controlled neutron diffractometer

The design and fabrication of an indigenous on-line computer controlled four-circle neutron diffractometer at the CIRUS reactor in Trombay are described. The diffractometer has an 18 in dia full-circle crystal-orienter which is sturdy enough to carry a cryostat. Three crystal orientation angles χ, Φ and ω and the detector angle 2θ can be set to an accuracy of O.Ol°. The four angle shafts are driven through precision worm-gears by SCR-controlled DC motors and their instantaneous positions sensed by optical digitizers. The diffractometer is interfaced to an ECIL TDC-312 computer system consisting of the CPU with 4K-memory, ASR-35 teletype, X- Y plotter and the digital input/output system (DIOS). The DIOS which operates under program control is a real-time peripheral device used to exchange information in digital form between the computer and the diffractometer. A software package consisting of over 40 user oriented teletype commands has been developed for on-line control and automatic data-acquisition